Andropause is the term for a group of symptoms related to declining testosterone levels in men. These symptoms become increasingly evident after the age of 45-50 years.

What hormonal changes occur in men after the age of 40?

Testosterone is required not only for sperm production but also for normal sexual behaviour. Testosterone levels decline with age and this is related to the following symptoms.

What are the clinical symptoms of the andropause?

These are broadly classified as:
a) General symptoms such as hot flushes, sleep disturbances, sweating, memory problems, increased body fat, decreased muscular strength and physical exhaustion.
b) Psychological symptoms such as depression, anxiety, lack of vitality fatigue and nervous tension.
c) Sexual symptoms such as impotence, reduced rigidity, libido and orgasmic sensation.

What is premature andropause?

Testicular damage may lead to a lower testosterone level in younger men before the age of 40. Conditions like varicocoele, undescended testes, torsion of the testes and inflammation of the testes (orchitis) are some causes of early testicular damage.

What other investigations are required?

After a detailed clinical history and examination, blood tests will be performed to measure hormone levels and to rule out prostate problems. Urine analysis for blood cells and malignant cells will be performed and a PSA blood test done to rule out prostate cancer. Occasionally an ECG will be performed if the man's symptoms suggest there may be a heart problem.